Solidago rugosa

Common name: Rough goldenrod
Plant type: Perennial
Flower color: Golden yellow
Bloom period: September-October
Fragrance: None
Height: 3-4 feet
Hardiness: Zones 4-9
Light needs: Partial to full sun
Moisture needs: Average to moist soil, but tolerates drought
Seasonal character: Low key until autumn, when it explodes into bloom

American native plants, like jazzmen and writers, sometimes have to travel abroad before they're appreciated back home. This is certainly the case for rough goldenrod (Solidago rugosa). Even though a cultivar, appropriately named 'Fireworks,' was introduced way back in 1970, this outstandingly tough and graceful perennial continues to languish inexplicably in obscurity in the U.S., eclipsed in public awareness by much less graceful goldenrods such as the stubby and awkward 'Crown of Rays.' Yet rough goldenrod is the rage in Europe.

This native American plays it cool for most of the summer. It emerges from the soil later in spring than many perennials, and remains an unobtrusive mound of linear, dark green foliage that, thanks to its rough surface, remains utterly disease- and insect-free.

But as summer draws to a close, this outstanding perennial turns up the heat. It starts shooting upward, elongating its stems until their tips explode into bloom. Wands of warm golden flowers shoot out gracefully in every direction, looking exactly like fireworks. Late butterflies are attracted to the blossoms, clinging to them like ornaments. The show lasts for several weeks.

Even in bloom, rough goldenrod remains compact and neatly clothed with foliage right down to its toes. Its rigid stems never require staking. Plus, it doesn't have the invasive, rhizomatous growth habit of some goldenrods.

Rough goldenrod couldn't be easier to grow. It tolerates just about any soil, although it may grow considerably shorter in dry, sandy soil. Don't hesitate to plant it in a spot that is damper than optimal for most other plants. It is definitely a moisture-tolerant perennial, and absolutely perfect for a low-maintenance border. Divide in spring if you want more plants.

Pair rough goldenrod with blue asters, Joe Pye weeds (Eupatorium maculatum and E. purpureum), as well as the stunning and statuesque willow-leaf sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius), with whom it creates a perfect color echo.

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